Form-based coding is a proven alternative to conventional zoning that effectively regulates missing middle housing. (Image: Opticos Design)
Housing options are also expanded with form-based codes. Depending on the context, form-based zoning can enable communities to build everything from single-family detached housing to high-rise apartment buildings—and all types between. It’s this missing middle housing—duplexes, cottage apartments, townhouses—that can respond to the financial constraints and lifestyle choices of working families today. Conventional zoning, with all its rigidity, often makes these types of housing illegal, hence the moniker “missing” middle. Overall, form-based codes are the most appropriate tool for facilitating mixed-use, mixed-income neighborhoods with a variety of job and housing opportunities that are universally accessible.
Reinforcing an equity-driven agenda
Many communities have taken steps to enact policies and programs for more affordable housing, mitigating displacement, supporting small businesses, or school desegregation. These initiatives, however well-intentioned, are much more effective when they are aligned with a land-use regulation framework that supports these goals.
The form-based code for Winooski, VT, for example, helps to address a growing concern for retaining immigrant-owned restaurants by permitting smaller-than-usual business frontages. Bradenton, FL’s form-based code offers expedited approval and reduced review fees as a reward for projects that include affordable or workforce housing. These examples are just the beginning when it comes to using the force of law in a zoning code to effectively implement policies geared toward equity.
Form-based codes aren’t just for affluent communities